Primark Strategy

Introduction Primark Primark is a clothing retailer, operating in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Belgium. It operates a total of 196 stores with 38 in Ireland, 138 in the UK, 14 in Spain, 2 in Germany, 1 in the Netherlands, 2 in Portugal and 1 in Belgium. Whilst the company's main headquarters are based in Ireland where it trades as Penneys, the chain is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods plc (ABF), and is ultimately controlled by the Weston family through Wittington Investments. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable clothing at competitive prices. In England the name is generally pronounced /? pra? m? rk/ PRY-mark. However, in Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland, and Scotland it is usually pronounced /? pri? m? rk/ PREE-mark. While the pronunciation on the Primark corporate video is PRY-mark the company had an intensive annual advertising campaign each Christmas during the 1980s in which the store was referred to on several occasions (throughout the song/jingle) as PREE-mark, although in the Republic of Ireland this lyric was dubbed over as ‘Penneys'. Liverpool's five story 84,000 sq ft Primark was the world's largest, but has now been superseded by the Primark in Bristol at 82-92 The Horsefair Bristol with 100,000 sq ft. Primark is a fast-growing, major, value clothing retail group employing 27,800 people. Primark's own brands All of the company's merchandise is made specifically for the company and as such Primark has its own brand names : †¢Ryan's value Socks †¢Atmosphere — womenswear/footwear †¢Butler & Webb — Premium formal menswear †¢Cedarwood State — casual menswear †¢Denim Co. — womenswear, casual men's and childrenswear †¢Early Days — babywear †¢Girl 2 Girl — young girlswear Opia – accessories †¢Rebel Senior — older boyswear †¢Rebel Junior — younger boyswear †¢Young Dimension (YD) — older girlswear †¢Primark Beauty – Cosmetics †¢Primark Home — home items †¢Secret Possessions — lingerie, women's nightwear †¢Essentials – Basic Cheaper Items †¢Beach club- Luggage, ladies beachwear The company’s strategy for the business Key Strategies Following the introduction of new provisions concerning the duties of directors under the Companies Act 2006, directors must act in the way they consider, in good faith, would be most likely to promote th e long-term success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. In so doing, the directors should have regard to a number of factors listed in that Act. Those factors include having regard to the Company's employees, the need to foster the Company's business relationships with suppliers and others, the impact of the Company's operations on the community and the environment and the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct. With this in mind, the company has reaffirmed its commitment to a number of overriding principles.

Management Accounting and Management Decisions

Management Accounting, Cdn. 6e (Horngren/Sundem/Stratton/Beaulieu) Chapter 1 Management Accounting and Management Decisions 1) Both internal managers and external parties use accounting information. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 2) Internal accounting reports must follow generally accepted accounting principles and account for assets at historical cost. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 3) Organizations that do not make or sell tangible goods are called service organizations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 7Objective: 3 4) The cost-benefit balance is the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Objective: 3 5) Planning refers to setting objectives, implementing plans, and evaluating objectives. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 6) A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan of action. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Obj ective: 3 7) Management by exception involves a detailed analysis of all deviations from planned performance regardless of the amount.Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 2 Objective: 3 8) Sales growth occurs in the mature market stage of product life cycle. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 9) Line authority is authority exerted downward over subordinates. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 10) Line departments support or service staff departments. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 11) According to the Financial Executives Institute, the controller's function is to obtain both short-term and long-term loans.Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 14 12) The CMA program focuses on management accounting and its role in Canadian business. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 13) The factors causing changes in management accounting today include increased global competition, technological advances and increased production by Canadian companies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 14) The essence of the just-in-time philosophy is to eliminate waste. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 5) The Society of Management Accountants of Canada (SMAC) has developed standards of ethical conduct for management accountants, which include standards of competence, confidentiality, integrity and objectivity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 16) A survey of managers selected which of the following business areas as the most common starting-point for future managers? A) Accounting. B) Finance. C) Legal environment of business. D) Computers in business. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 2 Objective: 1 17) Management accounting refers to accounting information developed for A) shareholders.B) governmental authorities. C) managers within an organization. D) loan officers. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 18) __ ______ is a formal mechanism for gathering, organizing, and communicating information about an organization's activities. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accounting D) Attention directing Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 19) ________ refers to accounting information developed for users within an organization. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accountingD) Financial accounting Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 20) ________ is the accumulation and classification of data. A) An accounting system B) Scorekeeping C) Management accounting D) Attention directing Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 21) ________ means reporting and interpreting information that helps managers to focus on operating problems, imperfections, inefficiencies, and opportunities. A) Scorekeeping B) Attention directing C) Problem-solving D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 2) ________ i s the aspect of accounting that quantifies the likely results of possible courses of action and often recommends the best course to follow. A) Scorekeeping B) Attention directing C) Problem-solving D) None of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 23) The codes of conduct for integrity include all of the following EXCEPT A) avoiding actual or apparent conflicts of interest. B) refusing to advise or assist with the commission of fraud. C) recognizing and communicating professional limitations. D) communicating information subjectively. Answer: DDiff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 24) A clerk prepares a monthly report comparing the actual phone bill with the expected phone costs. This activity would be classified as A) problem-solving. B) scorekeeping. C) planning. D) attention directing. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 25) Broad guidelines and detailed practices that together make up accepted accounting practice at a given time are re ferred to as A) GAAS. B) accounting conventions. C) GAAP. D) Revenue Canada regulations. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 26) Service organizationsA) sell tangible goods. B) are not wholesalers. C) are considered manufacturers. D) must be profit-seeking. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 27) A characteristic of service organizations is that A) labour is intensive. B) output is easy to define. C) major inputs and outputs can be stored. D) plant and equipment costs are high in proportion to labour costs. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 28) The watchword for the installation of systems in service industries and nonprofit organizations is A) maximize. B) simplicity. C) constraints. D) complexity.Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 29) Which of the following is a characteristic of both profit-seeking and nonprofit service organizations? A) Labour is intensive. B) Output is usually difficult to define. C) Major inpu ts and outputs cannot be stored. D) All of the above are characteristics. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 7 Objective: 3 30) Financial accounting is constrained by GAAP. Management accounting is constrained by A) GAAS. B) the cost-benefit balance. C) Revenue Canada. D) the controller. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 1) The primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods is A) simplicity. B) behavioural issues. C) cost-benefit balance. D) computerization. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 32) An accounting system should provide accurate, timely budgets and performance reports in a form useful to A) shareholders. B) bankers. C) Revenue Canada. D) managers. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 33) ________ is (are) a quantitative expression(s) of a plan of action. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: ADiff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 34) ________ prov ide(s) feedback by comparing results with plans and by highlighting deviations from plans. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 35) ________ is (are) deviations from plans. A) A budget B) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 36) ________ concentrate(s) on areas that deviate from the plan and ignore(s) areas that are presumed to be running smoothly. A) A budgetB) Performance reports C) Variances D) Management by exception Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 37) Launching a new product line is an example of A) decision making. B) planning. C) controlling. D) organization. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 38) Answering the following questions: When is dinner? Who is cooking it? is an example of A) planning. B) controlling. C) budgeting. D) analyzing. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 39) Cooking dinner and tasting the food are examples of A) planning. B) controlling. C) budgeting.D) analyzing. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 40) Planning determines action, action generates feedback, and feedback influences A) reports. B) accounting systems. C) further planning. D) deviations. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 41) A quantitative expression of a plan of action is a A) variance. B) performance report. C) control. D) budget. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 42) Actual results are compared to budgeted amounts in a A) performance report. B) financial statement. C) production report. D) flexible report.Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 43) Management by exception means management concentrates on A) significant activities proceeding as planned. B) significant deviations from expected results. C) insignificant activities proceeding as planned. D) insignificant deviations from expected results. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 44) A synonym for deviation is A) planned. B) systematic. C) variance. D) reported. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 45) A significant unfavourable variance A) should be ignored because of materiality.B) could not result from careless budgeting. C) is the result of proper planning. D) should be analyzed, and measures should be taken to correct the situation. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 46) The product development stage in a product's life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 47) The introduction to market stage in a product's life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: BDiff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 48) The mature market stage in a product's life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B ) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low and decreasing sales. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 49) The phase-out-of-product stage in a product's life cycle corresponds to A) no sales. B) sales growth. C) stable sales level. D) low sales to no sales. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 50) The various stages through which a product passes are called the A) product life cycle. B) production plan. C) market analysis. D) product initiative.Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 51) Product life cycles A) are the same for all products. B) must be considered to effectively plan for production. C) are computerized bicycles. D) have nothing to do with product profitability. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 52) Authority exerted downward over subordinates is referred to as A) line authority. B) staff authority. C) general authority. D) specific authority. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 53) Authorit y to advise but NOT command is called A) line authority. B) staff authority.C) general authority. D) specific authority. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 54) An example of a line department at a jewelry manufacturer is the A) accounting department. B) finance department. C) maintenance department. D) sales department. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 55) According to the Financial Executives Institute, one function of controllership is A) investments. B) short-term financing. C) provision of capital. D) reporting and interpreting. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 56) The top accounting officer in an organization is oftenA) the controller. B) the treasurer. C) the CFO. D) the CEO. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 57) ________ is mainly concerned with the company's financial matters. A) The controller B) The treasurer C) The secretary D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 58) ________ is the designation that provides the greatest orientation toward management accounting. A) CIA B) CMA C) CEO D) CGA Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 59) According to the Financial Executives Institute, one function of treasurership is A) planning for control.B) protection of assets. C) investor relations. D) economic appraisal. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 14 Objective: 6 60) Chartered Accountants are A) internal auditors. B) management accountants. C) external auditors. D) clerical accountants. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 61) The largest Canadian association of professional accountants whose major interest is management accounting is the A) Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. B) Certified General Accountants of Canada. C) Government Accounting Institute. D) Society of Management Accountants of Canada.Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 62) A philosophy to eliminate waste by reducing the time products spend in the production process and elim inating the time that products spend on activities that do NOT add value is A) computer-integrated manufacturing. B) just-in-time. C) better late than never. D) added value tax. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 63) Systems that use computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, together with robots and computer-controlled machines are called A) just-in-time systems. B) robotic-computer systems.C) computer-integrated manufacturing systems. D) manufacturing-robotic systems. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 64) Which of the following factors is causing changes in management accounting today? A) Shift from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. B) Increased global competition. C) Advances in technology. D) All of the above are factors. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 65) Systems that use CAD and CAM together with robots and computer-controlled machines are called A) JIT. B) CMA. C) CIM. D) none of the above .Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 66) Below is a statement from the Code of Professional Ethics for the Society of Management Accountants. â€Å"Maintain at all times independence of thought and action. † It is an example of A) competence. B) confidentiality. C) integrity. D) objectivity. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 67) Management accountants are similar to CAs and CGAs in that they A) give opinions on financial statements. B) are licensed by the Canadian Institute of public accountancy. C) adhere to codes of conduct.D) are independent of the company they work for. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 68) The Society of Management Accountants has adopted a set of standards of professional ethics which includes codes of conduct regarding all of the following EXCEPT A) competence. B) independence. C) integrity. D) confidentiality. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 69) Which of the following individu als would likely NOT be users of management accounting reports? A) company presidents B) university deans C) bankers D) chief physicians Answer: CDiff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 70) Which of the following statements about management accounting is FALSE? A) It is concerned with how measurements and reports will influence managers' daily behaviour. B) It is less sharply defined than financial accounting. C) Its primary users are organizational managers at various levels. D) It is constrained by generally accepted accounting principles. Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 71) Which of the following statements about ethical dilemmas faced by management accountants is FALSE?Ethical dilemmas A) are clear-cut. B) involve conflict between two or more ethical standard. C) require individual integrity and judgment. D) require the application of ethical standards. Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 72) Which of the following statements about line a uthority is TRUE? Line authority A) is similar to staff authority. B) is indirectly related to the basic activities of an organization. C) is exerted upwardly from subordinates. D) includes the authority to command action. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 3) Broad concepts or guidelines and detailed practices, including all conventions, rules, and procedures that together make up accepted accounting practice at a given time. Answer: Generally accepted accounting principles Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 74) The person from whom the controller derives authority to set accounting procedures. Answer: The company president Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12 75) Weighing known costs against probable benefits, the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems and methods. Answer: Cost-benefit balance Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 11Objective: 7 76) A quantitative expression of a plan of action, and an aid to coordinating and implementing the plan. Answ er: Budget Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 77) Deviations from plans. Answer: Variances Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 78) Concentrating on areas that deserve attention and ignoring areas that are presumed to be running smoothly. Answer: Management by exception Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 2 Objective: 2 79) Authority exerted downward over subordinates. Answer: Line authority Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12Objective: 5 80) Authority to advise but not to command. It may be exerted downward, laterally, or upward. Answer: Staff authority Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 81) The largest Canadian professional organization of accountants whose major interest is management accounting. Answer: Society of Management Accountants Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 82) A philosophy to eliminate waste, by reducing the time products spend in the production process and eliminating the time that products spend on activities that do not add value. Answer: Just-in-t ime philosophyDiff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8 83) Describe the major users of accounting information. Answer: In general, users of accounting information fall into three categories: (1) Internal managers who use the information for short-term planning and controlling routine operations. (2) Internal managers who use the information for making nonroutine decisions and formulating overall policies and long-range plans. (3) External parties, such as investors and government authorities, who use the information for making decisions about the company. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 2 Objective: 1 4) Explain the cost-benefit and behavioral issues involved in designing an accounting system. Answer: The cost-benefit balance, weighing known costs against probable benefits, is the primary consideration in choosing among accounting systems. The system's value must exceed its cost. In addition, the system's effects on the behaviour of managers should also be considered. The system must p rovide accurate, timely budgets and performance reports in a form useful to managers. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 14 Objective: 7 85) Distinguish between line and staff roles in an organization, and give an example of each.Answer: Line authority is authority exerted downward over subordinates. Staff authority is authority to advise but not to command. It may be exerted downward, laterally, or upward. Line departments are directly responsible for conducting the basic mission of the organization, that is, producing and selling a product or service. Staff departments are indirectly related to these basic activities through servicing and supporting the line departments. An example of a line role would be the sales executives, whereas a staff role would include the top accounting executive.Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 12 Objective: 5 86) Contrast the functions of controllers and treasurers. Answer: The treasurer is concerned mainly with the company's financial matters such as investor relat ions, provision of capital, short-term financing, credits and collections, and banking. The controller is concerned with operating matters such as reporting and interpreting, evaluating and consulting, tax administration, government reporting, and protection of assets. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 1 87) Explain a management accountant's ethical responsibilities.Answer: A certified management accountant must adhere to a code of conduct regarding competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity developed by the Society of Management Accountants. An unethical act is one that violates the ethical standards of the profession. Management accountants have an obligation to the organizations they serve, their profession, the public, and themselves to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct. Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 20 Objective: 9 88) Explain the role of budgets and performance reports in planning and control.Answer: Budgets and performance reports are essential tools for pl anning and control. Budgets result from the planning process. Managers use them to translate the organization's goals into action. A performance report compares actual results to the budget. Managers use these reports to monitor, evaluate, and reward performance and, thus, exercise control. Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 3 Objective: 2 89) Discuss the role that management accountants play in the company's value-chain functions. Answer: Management accountants play a key role in planning and control.Throughout the company's value chain, management accountants gather and report cost and revenue information for decision makers. Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 9 Objective: 4 90) Identify current trends in management accounting. Answer: Many factors have caused changes in accounting systems in recent years. Most significant are globalization, technology, and a shift from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy. Without continuous adaptation and improvement, accounting systems would be obs olete. Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 16 Objective: 8

Still Night by Li Bai

Key Words: poem, translation, comparison Text Introduction: â€Å"Still night thoughts† Is one of the most popular poems In china, for Its words are simple, sentences are easily understood, and Its meaning arouses sympathy. It depicts in a silent moon night, the author sitting on the bed saw bright moonlight on the floor, and then he raised his head and watched the same moon that was above him and also above his homeland, which reminded him of his home. After that, he hung his hand, missing his hometown.There are dozens of â€Å"Still night thoughts% translations, I pick up five of them and compare them as following to present the effect of recreation and word selection in the poetry translation. Comparative Analysis: Version one: Night Meditation In front of my flooded with moonbeam, I mistook for frost appears on the floor; Lifting my head trying to watch the moon, I dropped again for missing our home town. This version is from a veteran writer Line Juliann The length of se ntence Is almost the same that each sentence Is composed of seven or eight words.At this point, It resembles five character quatrains. Meanwhile, the meaning of every sentence Is very closely to the original one and there Is only a little adjustment of rod order In first two sentences. Obviously, Len tried hard to accommodate his translation with the original one. In terms of form, this version Is very faithful. However, the use of some verbs Is not proper. For example, â€Å"trying† means make an attempt or effort, but in the third sentence, the author raised his head spontaneously when he found the light from the ground.In the fourth sentence, the verb â€Å"drop† means Tall suddenly, out In Tanat scene, writer was adsorbed In nostalgia; odometer, according to common sense, he must not have made such a big movement. In addition, there are some commendable creations in this version. In the first sentence, Line used the verb â€Å"flooded† vividly to highlight t he brightness of the moonbeam. In the fourth sentence, â€Å"our hometown† instead of â€Å"my hometown† arouses association that someone in the author's hometown is also watching the moon and missing him. They are the translator's recreation of the original poem.In general, it is a good translation and expresses Lie Basis emotion accurately. Version two: Thoughts in a Tranquil Night Athwart the bed I watch the moonbeams cast a trail So bright, so cold, so frail, That for a space it gleams Like hoarfrost on the margin of my dreams. I raise my head -? The splendid moon I see: Then drop my head, And sink to dreams of thee -? My fatherland, of thee! This version is from the British gemologist L. Crammer-Bang. His translation is very different from the original poem in form and meaning. The sentences are complicated and the expressions are too far away from the original one.We can find no evidence in Lie Basis poem about â€Å"so cold, so frail† in the second senten ce and â€Å"on the margin of my dreams† in the fifth sentence. Also, in the last sentence, the noun fatherland† departed from the author's opinion, because the creation time of â€Å"Still night thoughts† was in the glorious age of Tang dynasty, Lie ABA wrote this poem to express his homesickness rather than patriotism. I suppose the translator was not familiar with the creation background of the original poem, yet the culture background is the important part to analysis the motivation of writer's work and to comprehend it better.Though L. Crammer-Bang tried hard to recreate â€Å"Still night thoughts†, his lacking of culture background led to improper change. As a whole, this version is not a successful translation. Version three: So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed, Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight, Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home. This version is from a Harold Witter Banner , an American poet. Though its form differs from the original one, it is a simple and beautiful poem.It began with the phrase â€Å"so bright† attracting the readers to read forward and distinctively showed ten Darlingness AT ten Mooney. In ten second sentence, ten translator a mention what the bright gleam was, instead he wrote a rhetorical question â€Å"Could here have been a frost already? † he did not used any words to express â€Å"R' in the original poem, his expression manifested it well. In the next sentences, he selected the word â€Å"lift† and â€Å"sink† to display the writer's movement. â€Å"Lift† and â€Å"sink† comported the slow movement which implied the complex emotion of he writer.In the last sentence, Banner utilized the adverb the â€Å"suddenly' which added the finishing touch the pen. Despite of no related words in the original poem about the word â€Å"suddenly', we can feel from the scene that Lie ABA watched th e moon which associated him with he homeland, and then the strong emotion of homesickness occurred to him, so the nostalgia was a spasm. Banner stretched his imagination moderately and added the hidden meaning into the translation. Overall, this version not only displays the beauty of â€Å"Still night thoughts†, but also showed the translator bilingual language skill.Version four: As by my bed The moon did beam, It seemed as if with frost the earth were spread. But soft I raise My head, to gaze At the fair moon. And now, With head bent low, Of home I dream. This version is also from a foreigner John Turner. This version and it is a typical English poem. There are various sentence patterns and some sentences are separated into different lines and different in size. For instance, in the last two sentences, â€Å"With head bent IoW' is an independent nominative sentence and â€Å"of home I dream† is an inverted sentence.All these sentences in picturesque disorder presen t the irregular beauty of the English poem. As for selection of words, Turner did a good Job as well. Since the translator has already mentioned the moon in the first line, it is proper to use â€Å"seemed as † to express Also, the verb â€Å"gaze† emphasized the writer looked at the moon for a long time that well displayed the complicated feelings in the writer's heart. The phrase â€Å"bent IoW' used by Turner accurately depicts the slowly and gently movement of the writer's head. Anther apparent characteristic of this translation is its rhyme.It adopts iambic pentameter that is â€Å"ABA CD b† rhyme which makes the poem full of beauty of sound. However, the word â€Å"beam† in the second sentence is not suitable, for â€Å"beam† is used to indict a line of light which is different from the scene that the moonlight covered the ground. Soft† in the fourth line is unnecessary, for the reason that the writer is not prepared to feel sad and he raised his head naturally when he saw the light on the floor. It is superfluous to add the word â€Å"soft† here to enhance the emotion of homesickness.In general, it is a good translation and displays â€Å"Still night thoughts† with the beauty of English language. Version Twelve: Moonlight before my bed, Could it be frost instead? Head up, I watch the moon; Head down, I think of home. This version is from Chaos Sheehan This translation is simple and easily understood, its structure is clear and lucid, and it is easy to read, sing and memory. At this aspect, this version is very alike the original poem. But this translation is a good poem, because the wording of it is rough.For example, â€Å"head up† and â€Å"head down† in the last two sentences express the movement of raising head and falling head of the writer too straight and directly that they can not present the subtle emotions implied in the movement. In the first two sentences, the translator o mitted all words about the brightness of the moonlight in order to keep the translation succinct. However, moon is the most important imagery in this poem in that moon as a special meaning in the Chinese culture that it often closely related to the family, hometown or motherland, and it is the key to arouse the nostalgia of the writer in this poem.Therefore, this omission is not desirable. Meanwhile, Chaos made little creative changes in the translations. Although this version gets on for the regular beauty of Chinese ancient poem, it is not a beautiful English poem and can not represent the splendor of â€Å"Still night thoughts†. Conclusion: Generally speaking, the criteria of poetry translation are according to three sections faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Without enough knowledge of the culture background and the accurate understanding of the original poem, it is hard to achieve faithfulness and will mislead the readers, as version two mistakes homesickness wi th patriotism.On the base of faithfulness, excellent bilingual language skill is a must; otherwise original poem will lose its beauty under the translator's hand, as version five is a plain and too direct poem. In addition, apt recreation is needed to cater for different language user and even add beauty to the poem. Version one, three and five are successful examples with the translator's ingenuity, including wording, sentence pattern and organization.

Film studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film studies - Essay Example These films are then presented to the world in their language, as if the film is spoken in English, the audience won’t relate to the same thought process as to what is really being depicted in the film’s native tongue. The foreign film award promotes a sense of awareness of other cultures and practices which differ from Hollywood mainstream practices. Â   To qualify for the award, one of the primary requirements is that the majority of the film is presented in a language other than English although this is not necessarily required to be the language of the country that produced it and must first be released in theatrical format in a country other than the United States. The significance of this is that language has a great deal to do with our perceptions of the world. Word choice is important in any language to convey the nuances of meaning intended by the author. When it is then translated into English for an English-speaking audience, much of this nuance can be lost. According to scholar Benjamin Whorf, language also works internally to shape thoughts and emotions to help us understand our own perception of reality (cited in Kilgour, 1999). By presenting these films in their native (meaning original) language, the Academy is fostering recognition that important thoughts and ideas are pursued in other countries as well as the United States and brings the focus of these films into the mainstream theater audience, who might otherwise have missed them. This is significant when one considers the impact of foreign films such as Life is Beautiful (1998), an Italian film directed by Roberto Benigni. In this film, the director (and star) illustrates the dichotomy between pre and post war Italy as it is seen in the lives of members of one family. The beginning of the film presents a comedic romance between the Jewish Guido and the love of his life, Dora up to a

Advanced Anesthetic Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Advanced Anesthetic Practice - Essay Example l of this reflection is to re-evaluate these two clinical experiences as an anaesthetic nurse and to establish that better knowledge and skills have been gained by this nurse from these experiences. The 9-year old girl, Cora (not her real name), was admitted due to pain in her lower abdomen, which started three hours prior to admission, with the pain radiating to her lower right abdomen by the time she was admitted. She also had a high-grade fever at 39.50C (103.10F) and vomited as soon as they arrived in the emergency room. Prior to the manifestation of her initial symptoms, she was running the tracks at a nearby park with her friends. In the emergency room, the attending ER internist physically assessed and examined Cora and determined that she had appendicitis and immediately recommended her for surgery. Her pain symptoms were escalating and were progressively becoming unbearable. Pain escalation, in this case, is attributed to peritoneal irritation (Craig 2014). Based on the above gathered data on the patient, I planned my next actions and decisions accordingly. I prepared the essential equipment appropriate for physiology of the child, specifically a T-piece Mapleson E valveless breathing system (Ramamani, Mohanty, and Suman Gupta 2008). This is a breathing system which supports spontaneous as well as controlled breathing. This system is attached to a 0.5 litre double-ended bag, providing the least resistance during expiration (Ramamani, Mohanty, and Suman Gupta 2008). I opted for an adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve including a closed-ended bag or the Ayre’s T-piece to manage scavenging (Gregory and Andropoulos 2012). A paediatric circle breathing system was also set (Gregory and Andropoulos 2012). Dead space refers to the amount of alveolar gas breathed in, and the volume of such space is decreased through an infant paediatric mask used with an appropriate filter and port (Goonasekera, Goodwin, and Wang 2014. Goonasekera and colleagues (2014),

Week 3-Individual small Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3-Individual small - Assignment Example She decided that since she could not afford to pay 12000 dollars to health care for her first year in self-employment, she would seek more affordable coverage. She found out that she was only eligible for a cheaper insurance at this time of the year based on â€Å"special enrollment." This â€Å"special enrollment† includes elements like unexpected divorce, birth of a baby, and job loss among other circumstances that would make paying the needed money for health cover hard. Though this is a national case of changes in health care, the impact is far felt within the country. The reason for such ignorance is that sources of education for most people on health care changes and the requirement are not reliable and do not give finer details of options that are present. In this article, the author does not directly make a claim to solve the problem but anyone reading her article knows her suggestion. The lesson is that people need to be reeducated on the possibilities and circumstances that surround changes in healthcare insurance coverage as a means to adapt to healthcare reforms (Jean Card, 2014). Jean Card. (2014, July 17). How Obamacare Screwed Up My Small Business Health Insurance - US News. US News & World Report. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from

How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Essay

How Information Literacy Influences Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership in a Specific Discipline such as Education - Essay Example Besides, leaders must have the capacity of converting their acquired theoretical understanding into observable behaviors of leadership, practices and on a daily basis. When one applies this kind of approach to business education, it brings out the aspect of self-aware organization; which gets its operation theory internally, being able to apply the theory in effective usage models, and maturing such a model while at the same time document such evolution for the benefit of professionals in other places to learn from it. Most of such maturity models actually do exist but in many cases, they fail to comprise of rigors of literacy of advancement or even scholarly research (Turusheva, 2009; Lauer & Yodanis, 2004). When we are in learning process, broadening the comparative perspective of such students by use of international contexts gives them a universal pattern that is natural in terms of human behavior. When we apply this kind of concept to business education, evolving standards are i llustrated in the international perspective which includes curriculum training imparted across transnational cultures and other social practices. Information literacy remains a critical trait and with the available information, all stakeholders in business education need to understand the need for consistently looking for new information that is deemed valuable, practices it at work and is able to create required knowledge to enable the entire organization to progress. There is a major problem in the current system since new graduates and the ongoing students have no capacity of knowing reliable information, nor could discerning differences in valuable and sound data from what be considered useless (Lauer & Yodanis, 2004). Scholarship, practice and leadership model dubbed SPL could guide the educators in business in the formation of present and future students and leaders who should be learning on a continual basis. Such a task is quite cumbersome given that it is enshrined in the a ttempts to reforming already established education models. The main approach taken by scholarship practice and leadership model has been the attempt to enjoin theory of different areas with required practices and trying to push new actions that have a beneficial and prolonged impact on those who directly receive such a model. Scholarship aspect in such a SPL model has all to do with gaining profound knowledge and understanding the various theories in the field and presenting constructively debatable arguments and criticism alike that influence evolution, research and thorough understanding (Tourish, et al., 2010). This scholastic level has been the confine of business education for many years. It is quite interesting that the role of education has remained in the transfer of knowledge by use of textbooks and constant examinations. Much as theory is important, the system of such education needs to give a clear guidance on the application of these grasped theories when it comes to act ual or practical situations. Practice is influenced by information literacy through relevant application of such literally works that are currently found in fulfilling an organization’s proposition of value tenets. Such actions start by

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract law - Essay Example Churton and Silver were able to inform Risk It of the situation, who agreed to amending the loan agreement by postponing the payment of the principal due for 1 year, and waived all interest payables. However, due to financial problems of its own, risk It now wishes to enforce the original loan agreement against Churton and Silver, and the latter refuses citing the limitations on what they may pay and the ill effects full payment would do in damaging their business enterprise. Prior to formulating the legal advice, I would present to Risk It, it is important to first outline the various legal concepts. In the case at bar, there is clearly a contractual obligation, voluntarily undertaken by both parties. Commonly this is considered a bilateral contract, which imposes upon both parties certain obligations that they agreed upon. Here, Risk It agreed to loan the money to Churton and Silver, who in turn agreed to pay the loan based on the agreed terms. Although the facts make no mention as to the manner in which Risk It agreed to amending the terms of payment of the loan as per the difficulty in financial situation of Churton and Silver, there is really no difference as to whether or not the agreement to amend the terms is in writing or not. Despite common sense, contracts can be legally binding even if not reduced into writing, and have the same effect as if it were on paper. Thus, the acts of Risk It in agreeing to change the terms of the loan is binding upon them, and they can no longer renounce that change or deny it otherwise. This is a key concept of contract law, that contracts are formed through an agreement consisting of an offer and acceptance, a valuable consideration, and the intention of the parties to create a contract. Further assuming that all the necessary requisites of a valid contract are also present in the case at bar, there is no need to delve into the complexities of the form, parties' capacity to contract, consent freely given, and legality of the subject matter or purpose of the contract. Seeing as this is a clear contract of loan, all things should be in order. With all that said, it is clear that the only advice I can make to Risk It is for them to follow the amended loan agreement that they had made with Churton and Silver. The changed terms, and waived interest became binding on them from the moment it was made, offered and accepted by the parties. They can no longer renounce or go against that agreement, or they put themselves at risk of legal suit for the remedies due to breach of contractual obligations by Churton and Silver. It is necessary to state that the remedies for breach of contractual obligations include the award of monetary damages by the courts and a petition for specific performance. The former is the assessment of monetary sum to be given by the offending party to compensate for the injury that would be suffered by the breach of contract. This could be a relief sought against Risk It if they try to enforce the original loan agreement instead of the amended one that would inevitably cause great damage and injury to the business enterprise of Churton and Silver.  

Marketing Management. Fast food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Management. Fast food - Assignment Example In Canada fast food restaurant include Boston Pizza, Tim Horton and Swiss Chalet. In the UK fast food restaurants include included Easy Pizza, and Pizza Express. In this market the restaurant form chains which are in most cases centrally controlled, this restaurants have been criticised in the past that excess consumption of these foods will lead to obesity, the direct advertisements to children, the reduction of local cuisines and their lack to provide employment. Consumer behaviour is changing and the fast food industry is loosing market share to other restaurants that produce expensive meals to consumers, also the campaign against the consumption of these fast foods has led to a decrease in consumption. Advertising in the fast food restaurant is through television commercials, the print media, billboards and events sponsoring. Recently this food restaurant are now changing to internet advertising due to increased criticisms on television and media, Branding includes clothing, direct signs and posters. McDonald has sponsored the Olympic Games, FIFA world cup and NASCAR teams. Advertising plays a major role in marketing a product; advertising informs consumers on existing products, communicates the information about a product, stimulates the distribution of a product, increases product usage and finally builds brand preferences and loyalty through constant and consistent promotional campaigns. Fast food advertising in 2001 amounted to 635 million dollars for McDonald, 298 million dollars for Burger King, 179 million dollars for Tacos Bell and 148 million dollars for Pizza Hut. (http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/pdf/1479-5868-1-3.pdf) According to the fast food industry statistics the fast food industry is losing popularity due the constant campaigns, the campaigns are usually based on the fact that the food they produce cause obesity, the advertisement of junk food to children and this has led to countries introducing strict limitation on fast food advertisement and this has made them to advertise through the internet as an alternative to reach their customers. We there fore analyse the MacDonald restaurant to view their strategic planning on market throughout its historical development from a small restaurant to a multinational restaurant. Mc Donald Fast Food Restaurant. Mc Donald is the largest fast food restaurant in the world. It has dominated the American market and the rest of the world. The restaurant has many branches all over the world and they are similar in their services, staff uniform, menu, packaging and services with a smile. The principle of this restaurant is efficiency, calculability, uniformity and control through automation. It was founded in 1940 by Dick and Mac McDonald. This company has branches in 199 countries and serves close to 5 million customers dairy. In 2005 report, the company had a total of 45,777 employees, in the same year total revenue amounted to 20.466 billion US dollars and the net income to the restaurant amounted to 2.602 billion US dollars. The volume of food used every year are 32,000 tonnes of beef, 21,500 tonnes of chicken, 100 million eggs and 7,250 tonnes of cheese just to mention a few. Mc Donald and Dick ventured into the food business in 1937 by opening a hotdog stand in Arcadia California, they later expanded their business and in 1940

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example Another reason for the inability of a manager to manage creativity is the fact that change whether positive or negative will always receive criticism when introduced to a firm. It is not the role of management to create animosity in its daily operations and it will therefore not push for changes in production unless the methods proposed will lead to a very significant change in productivity (Kreitner 2009, p.434). The role of creativity and innovation although important in any field could be expensive as finances are necessary in order to conduct research into the feasibility of the new proposals. Therefore, management might not always be inclined to invest in this research as it does mean diverting resources into risk prone areas when already proven departments in a company might need money to fund other methods of production and projects whose profit is guaranteed (Finney 2010, p.149). Therefore, for creativity to grow in a company, management should strive to reduce its level of s upervision in the company’s daily operations. ... These include the employees’ freedom to operate, encouragement from their work group, encouragement from their immediate supervisor and as well as encouragement from the team as a whole (Williams 2008, p.159). Other factors to consider would be occupational obstacle due to policy and the degree of sophistication of the work, by evaluating these factors the management can see how to promote creativity in the organization. This is such as by increasing the difficulty of the work for the employees, the firm will see innovativeness nurtured as the employees will be forced to think critically as opposed to when doing repetitive rudimentary tasks. Creative people tend to have a disregard for rules and therefore do not stay in places with many policies and procedures it is therefore imperative to give them space to perform lest they become discouraged (Andriopoulos and Dawson 2009, p.339). Although creativity cannot be managed, management must find a way of dealing with the demands o f creative people lest they demoralize them and lose out. Why is environmental awareness important and what are the likely consequences to organizational effectiveness of failing to take account of environmental factors? Environmental awareness is very important for any business especially in this error where preservation of natural resources has been put as a priority by most governments. The environment always changes and it is important for a business to respond to emerging trends in a good time before it is viewed as irrelevant and therefore surpassed by its competitors. Detecting trends before they have become mainstream is very important for businesses as its gives them an edge over others in product design and branding.

The Role of Myanmar Poems in Environmental Conservation Essay Example for Free

The Role of Myanmar Poems in Environmental Conservation Essay I would first like to express my thanks to the organizers of the Irrawaddy Literature Festival for this opportunity to discuss my â€Å"view on the significant role of Myanmar traditional Literature and culture in environmental conservation and sustainable development†. The topic I have chosen is on how Myanmar traditional poems can contribute towards environmental conservation and sustainable development from the aesthetic perspective. Like all organism, human beings rely on the natural environment for survival and well-being. But, unlike other living beings human needs not only physical nutrients, but mental supplement such as aesthetic feeling plays a vital role for his survival. Appreciation of beauty is one of the distinctive element that distinguishes humans from other creatures, that is, we like to live in beautiful places full of blooming flowers, green trees, singing birds as mental nutrients while we need fresh air and clean water with full of minerals as our physical nutrients. The natural environment provide our aesthetic needs through its amazing beauty such as ranges of purple mountain, snowy peak, green forests and prairies, the far-reaching spaces of blue oceans and colourful seashells, flowing yellowish rivers, the twittering sounds of birds and beasts with their mates, colourful flowers in bloom, and so forth. In my view the beauty of nature has always stimulated awareness that we have to preserve our environment to preserve this beauty. Today this beauty is rapidly vanishing; mega cities have replaced many beautiful landscapes and this has left human beings empty-hearted. It may be one of the causes in the rise of crime and violence in the inner cities of megapolices. The phenomena of natural world have historically been the subject and object of aesthetics. When we use the term ‘natural’ it has been conceptualized as the beautiful, pastoral, sublime, and picturesque. These aesthetic categories have historically functioned to frame and construct the natural world for us against a human, technologically determined environment. Environmental Aesthetics leads into questions and forms an analysis of our aesthetic relationship Dr. Le Le Wynn, Professor Head, Department of Philosophy, University of Yangon Irrawaddy Literary Festival (Myanmar) 3-2-2013 2 and judgments of the natural world as a methodology for setting up a better relationship that will promote environmental respect; not just preservation. 1 In his A Sand County Almanac, the founder of ecological science Aldo Leopold stated that â€Å"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"It is wrong when it tends otherwise. † 2 It means that integrity, stability, and beauty are necessary for preserving the natural environment. Of these, integrity and beauty are especially human concerns because nonhuman beings that live in the biotic community are not concerned with ethical or aesthetical value. Besides, it seems to suggest that both ethical and aesthetical considerations are crucial for the environmental conservation. Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, stated that beautiful items in nature such as flowers, birds, and seashells provide a source of disinterested pleasure because their significant form alone can lead us to pleasurable imagination and understanding. â€Å"Beauty is a symbol of Morality,† and â€Å"The enjoyment of nature is the mark of a good soul† are key sayings of Kant. For him, the shared enjoyment of a sunset or a beach shows there is harmony between us all, and the world. In this respect, judgments of pure beauty, being selfless, initiate one into the moral point of view. 3 For that reason, it is clear that the role of aesthetic appreciation of Nature is crucial for awakening the human’s conscience with regard to ethical responsibility to the natural environment. In this sense, environmental aesthetics stresses its interest in the potentialities of artistic representations which can stimulate aesthetic appreciation which will lead to realization of the ethical obligations of human being towards nature. In fact, it is an undeniable fact that the power of aesthetic stimulation of the perceptual faculties of humans is more effective than the power of ethical guidelines to their conceptual awareness of them. In Myanmar culture, like other Eastern traditions, it is usually considered that human beings and natural environment coexist peacefully side by side in the world. This idea is reflected in the writings of Myanmar Poets and Authors. http://unnatural. ucsc. edu/environmental_aesthetics/index. htm Aldo Leopold (1981). ‘A Sand County Almanac’, The Land Ethic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 237-265. 3 Barry Hartley Slater. ‘Aesthetics’, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.  http://www.iep.utm.edu/

Comparing Poetry Essay Example for Free

Comparing Poetry Essay Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words. Good morning Ms Linton and students, today I will be informing you on why you must choose these two poems for the poetry speaking contest. The poems I have chosen are ‘The Man from Ironbark’, by Banjo Patterson as well as ‘He Started the Cycling Craze’ by myself. Narratives help the readers enjoy and understand poetry as it is a way the poets can connect to their readers by using storylines that may relate to them or something that they enjoy. Storylines of narratives play a major role and without these the readers would not be able to understand what is happening in the story. The story line of ‘The Man from Ironbark’ is about a man who wants his beard to be shaved, so this man heads off to the barber. The barber pulls out a razor and starts to shave his throat. The man from Ironbark fears the barber is a murderer who wants to cut his throat. The storyline of ‘He Started the Cycling Craze’ is about a man who decides to buy a new bike so he goes off to the bike shop. He buys a bike then rides it home and on the way home he rode up the hill then started to roll back. Once he had rolled down the hill he ended up in the creek. Both of these storylines are different in their own way, but one similarity is that a man leaves his home, goes somewhere and in both poems they make a mistake. In all poems there is a difference, but some may be similar in one way or another. The difference between these two poems is that they both contain various poetry techniques and they are both based on individual topics. Each poet uses several techniques and have a different style of writing. In this case these poems are similar as one was re-written from a poem written by the author of the other poem. Every poem can have differences and similarities to other poems. In poetry the poets describe the characters and settings so that the reader can view the image in their head, here is a quote from ‘The Man from Ironbark’ ‘The barber man was small and flash, as barbers mostly are, He wore a strike-your-fancy sash, he smoked a huge cigar:’ This describes how the barber looks and what he is holding. In this part of the poem he is stereotyping barbers to that that they are both small and flash. This helps the reader imagine what the main character is seeing. And from ‘He Started the Cycling Craze’ ‘He started to roll down the hill swerving a tree, and almost being stung by a big fat bee, nearly at the lake he had to swerve a car’. This describes what the man on the bike is enduring and what he is seeing. By describing surrounding and what people look like, it allows the reader to create an image in their head of what is happening in the poem. In poetry the poets use poetic devices to make the poems more interesting, this helps the reader keep interest in what they are reading. In ‘The Man from Ironbark’ the poetic devices used include; rhyme, rhythm, repetition, imagery, alliteration, and metaphors. The rhyming patter is a,a,b,b,c,c and the rhythm is shown by the rhyme and the flow or the poem. An example of alliteration is ‘upon the newly shaven skin it made a livid mark. ’ As well as ‘brow grew black’. Imagery is shown in many parts of the poem but particularly when he is describing the barber. ‘The barber man was small and flash, as barbers mostly are, he wore a strike-your-fancy sash, he smoked a huge cigar. ’ The metaphor was shown when he referred to the man as a dog. The devices used in ‘He Started the Cycling Craze’ includes rhyme which is used in a pattern of ‘a,b,b,a’ as well as rhythm which is seen by the rhyme and flow of the poem. Alliteration was also used in the line ‘and almost being stung by a big fat bee. ’ Imagery was also used when describing what was on the road when he was swerving so that he didn’t fall off of his bike. Overall there are many different poetic devices used in poetry and this is shown through these poems. In summary poets use different techniques and devices in their poems so that the poem becomes for intriguing so the reader continues to read on. Devices are used in poetry so that the readers have something to laugh or cry about and are intrigued to read other poems by the poet. Storylines of poems are important as they help describe what is happening in the poem and the reader is able to understand what the characters are doing. To wrap up these two poems should be chosen for the poetry speaking contest as they use various devices and techniques which allows the reader to continue interest in the poem as it goes on.

Betty Crocker Chocolate Fudge Cake Mix Marketing Essay

Betty Crocker Chocolate Fudge Cake Mix Marketing Essay A product can be seen as what is offered to consumers as an end result after the manufacturing process to satisfy a want or need. A product is not only tangible but may be a service. The consumer product Betty Crocker Chocolate Fudge cake Mix can be seen as a shopping product and is purchased when needed for example a birthday party. This product is seen as an easily made because it allows consumers to buy the cake mix already made and only requires four simple steps to complete the cake. This cake mix is 543 grams which serves 12 people so it may be convenient for small occasions. Betty Crocker cake mix is an Australian product made by Australian and imported ingredients and is distributed by General Mills. The ingredients that are used to make this cake mix is Sugar, wheat flour, vegetable oil, cocoa, raising agents, dextrose, thickeners, wheat, starch, emulsifier, whey powder, salt and it contains wheat, soy and milk. There are many variety of flavours that are available that incl ude chocolate fudge vanilla, chocolate mud, devil food, chocolate swirl, vanilla, milk chocolate chunk and reduced fat chocolate fudge. The primary packaging that contains this product is a cardboard box that is 95% percent recycled and the colours used on it are mostly red and yellow which stood out from most of the other brands on the shelf. The cake mix before opened may be kept until a year and after making the cake can be stored up to three days or can kept in a freezer for three weeks. Betty Crocker offers other products within its product line such as cupcakes, brownies, cookies, shakers and muffins. Betty Crocker has many other products within its product mix as well such as fruit snacks, potatoes, salads, gold medal flour, cereal products and yogurt. The branding of Betty Crocker includes a symbol which is a red spoon that has the brand name Betty Crocker written in it. The red spoon is Betty Crockers guarantee of quality, great taste and convenience. This brand is trademar ked due to the  ® shown after the brand name Betty Crocker. The labeling of this product includes mostly everything that is required such as the registered trade mark, the size of the package, nutritional features, number of servings, instructions on how to make the cake, the expire date, and the name, address the phone number of the distributor. Price is known as the exchange value a consumer gives for a product. Betty Crocker uses promotional pricing such as price leaders to promote their product for example in Coles Betty Crocker cake mix original price is $4.99 and is discounted to $4.87, this pricing method is seen as an odd-even pricing method, were customers look at this price and think $4.99 this product is on sale and do not look at it as $5.00. Betty Crocker also uses special event pricing which they set their prices low when there is a special event for example on Mothers Day. Betty Crocker uses non-price competition even though there prices are discounted they are still higher than competing products around them such as White Wings who sell their products originally for $4.73 and discount it to $4 and Greens Who sell their products for $2. This can be seen as a benefit for Betty Crocker as they may be able to get more customer loyalty. Betty Crocker cake mix and similar companies that produce cake mixes can be see n as an oligopolistic market due to all of them cutting down prices to gain a competitive edge. For example the Betty Crocker cake mix at Coles is shown to be discounted along with all the other competing companies next to it such as White Wings. Demand Curve e.g. For most products, the quantity demanded goes up as the price goes down and goes down as the price goes up. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Place is simply the location of where a customer can find a product that they need. Marketers need to make sure that they provide the product they are selling to the right target market in the correct location. Betty Crocker cake mix can be found in general merchandise stores such as Coles, Woolworths and franklins. Betty Crocker cake mix in Coles is placed in the aisle were the cake mixes are and is found next to the flour and similar products such as White Wings. It is placed in the middle, top and bottom of the shelf; this makes it easier for customers to find what type of cake mix they want without moving up and down the aisle. Promotion is seen as the way a product is advertised to its target market. Betty Crocker promotes its product on their website. They offer sales promotion such as coupons that you can print out if you join their website which you can save $1.00 of any Betty Crocker purchase. If an order is placed online they also offer 10% discount for a party order. Their website also offers discounted items that are on special weekly if anything is ordered online. Most of Betty Crockers cake mixes also provide information on cupcakes on the box in order to promote their cupcakes. Their website offers information on what to make using their products on special occasions such as Valentines Day, Birthdays and Fathers Day. They also use stickers on their products that say Prices are down to grab attention the consumers attention. Competitive product advertising is also done for Betty Crocker though advertising their product on television. The most recent add for Betty Crocker was in 2009 on a chocolate cake mix, and was directed towards mothers and children. They showed that their product is made easily and even children can help their mothers into baking the cake. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Company Logo- The red spoon is well known and popular Marketed through a well known food processing company (General Mills). Many different products to choose from, they do not just specialise in one area Offer food range for all target markets such as children, parents and elderly and also offer a healthy range such as fruits and salads. Gluten free products for people who are health conscious Weakness Lowered prices Poor packaging for example the cake mix box cannot be sealed once opened Dependant on the US market Threats Competitors lowered prices Cake shops such as Michaels Patisserie who sell already made cakes Opportunity Milkshakes Ice-cream cakes Provide already made cakes than just cake mixes Introduction General Mills in a food processing industry. It makes products such as Baking Mixes, yogurts, snack foods, ice cream and cereals. They are known to market many well known brands, one of them including Betty Crocker.

Light in August by William Faulkner Essay -- Light August william Faul

Light in August by William Faulkner Light in August, a novel written by the well-known author, William Faulkner, can definitely be interpreted in many ways. However, one fairly obvious prospective is through a religious standpoint. It is difficult, nearly impossible, to construe Light in August without noting the Christian parallels. Faulkner gives us proof that a Christian symbolic interpretation is valid. Certain facts of these parallels are inescapable and there are many guideposts to this idea. For instance, there is Joe Christmas, one of the main characters in the novel. His initials are J.C., which can be an acronym for the name Jesus Christ. There is the fact of his uncertain paternity and his appearance at the orphanage on Christmas day, as well. Joe is approximately thirty-three years of age at his lynching; This event is prepared for throughout Light in August by Faulkner’s constant use of the word crucifixion. Also, there are many more convincing Christian symbolisms that seem to have lead readers to believe that William Faulkner arranged his events and directed his themes to parallel the twenty-one chapters of the St. John Gospel. These religious symbols, however, stray from the text of Light in August and seek to unify the novel through biblical allusions alone. They attempt to answer the questions of how Light in August functions as a work of literature by avoiding the novel itself. Because of this, they each fall short of being an exact interpretation of the novel. Still, the Christian parallels cannot be ignored and must function for some firm purpose in this novel. If Light in August has enough surfaces corresponding to warrant the claim of a direct parallel in both theme and action to the Gospel of John, then where is the crucifix, the most important symbol of Christianity? This significant tool should be in a book with such religious relevance. The important symbol was not left out, however; they were only distorted to a degree. Faulkner may have been giving a clue to the way in which he distorted the crucifix. For example, wood imagery is relevant in this case. There are several wood mills: Doane’s Mill, and then the planing mill in Jefferson. Lena asks Byron Bunch, â€Å"Is there another planing mill?† Byron replies, â€Å"No, ma’am. There are some sawmills, a right smart of them, though†. Faulkner may have been alerting his audie... ...not been a part of Christmas’ â€Å"wooden world†, now rides with a furniture repairman. Typically, Lena’s narration does not call attention to poles or posts of any kind. It is only after Christmas is dead that Lena notices the cross-like images. This would seem to suggest not only that she is perhaps a Virgin Mary figure carrying a Christ figure inside her, but also that she herself is the resurrect â€Å"life† after Christ’s (Christmas’) crucifixion. It seems highly possible in a novel that distorts the Crucifix that the process of Christ’s death and resurrection could also be distorted. Ironically, however, Lena exists at the same time with Christmas, but never meets him because within the context of the New Testament, resurrection comes only after death. In turn, Lena and Christmas never meet because it would be illogical for the Virgin Mary figure to meet her baby while she is carrying her baby. All of these characters’ narrations, which can appear incoherent, are, connected through the distorted image of the wooden cross. The posts and other symbols link Christmas and the Testaments together. Light in August functions as a fluid novel though structured distortion of the Gospels. Light in August by William Faulkner Essay -- Light August william Faul Light in August by William Faulkner Light in August, a novel written by the well-known author, William Faulkner, can definitely be interpreted in many ways. However, one fairly obvious prospective is through a religious standpoint. It is difficult, nearly impossible, to construe Light in August without noting the Christian parallels. Faulkner gives us proof that a Christian symbolic interpretation is valid. Certain facts of these parallels are inescapable and there are many guideposts to this idea. For instance, there is Joe Christmas, one of the main characters in the novel. His initials are J.C., which can be an acronym for the name Jesus Christ. There is the fact of his uncertain paternity and his appearance at the orphanage on Christmas day, as well. Joe is approximately thirty-three years of age at his lynching; This event is prepared for throughout Light in August by Faulkner’s constant use of the word crucifixion. Also, there are many more convincing Christian symbolisms that seem to have lead readers to believe that William Faulkner arranged his events and directed his themes to parallel the twenty-one chapters of the St. John Gospel. These religious symbols, however, stray from the text of Light in August and seek to unify the novel through biblical allusions alone. They attempt to answer the questions of how Light in August functions as a work of literature by avoiding the novel itself. Because of this, they each fall short of being an exact interpretation of the novel. Still, the Christian parallels cannot be ignored and must function for some firm purpose in this novel. If Light in August has enough surfaces corresponding to warrant the claim of a direct parallel in both theme and action to the Gospel of John, then where is the crucifix, the most important symbol of Christianity? This significant tool should be in a book with such religious relevance. The important symbol was not left out, however; they were only distorted to a degree. Faulkner may have been giving a clue to the way in which he distorted the crucifix. For example, wood imagery is relevant in this case. There are several wood mills: Doane’s Mill, and then the planing mill in Jefferson. Lena asks Byron Bunch, â€Å"Is there another planing mill?† Byron replies, â€Å"No, ma’am. There are some sawmills, a right smart of them, though†. Faulkner may have been alerting his audie... ...not been a part of Christmas’ â€Å"wooden world†, now rides with a furniture repairman. Typically, Lena’s narration does not call attention to poles or posts of any kind. It is only after Christmas is dead that Lena notices the cross-like images. This would seem to suggest not only that she is perhaps a Virgin Mary figure carrying a Christ figure inside her, but also that she herself is the resurrect â€Å"life† after Christ’s (Christmas’) crucifixion. It seems highly possible in a novel that distorts the Crucifix that the process of Christ’s death and resurrection could also be distorted. Ironically, however, Lena exists at the same time with Christmas, but never meets him because within the context of the New Testament, resurrection comes only after death. In turn, Lena and Christmas never meet because it would be illogical for the Virgin Mary figure to meet her baby while she is carrying her baby. All of these characters’ narrations, which can appear incoherent, are, connected through the distorted image of the wooden cross. The posts and other symbols link Christmas and the Testaments together. Light in August functions as a fluid novel though structured distortion of the Gospels.

MARCIA GRIFFITHS: REGGAE QUEEN? :: Essays Papers

MARCIA GRIFFITHS: REGGAE QUEEN? BEGINNING YEARS These two quotes are critical in answering the question of whether or not Marcia Griffiths is the true Reggae Queen. After looking at her success as a female artist, the answer to this question becomes obvious. Women have been oppressed across the globe for centuries, which make Griffiths success as a female Reggae artist that much more outstanding. Looking at her achievements throughout her life starting at a young age to thirty-seven years in the music business, the audience will understand why she is the true Reggae Queen. Linneth Marcia Griffiths was born and raised in Kingston. Music had always been apart of her upbringing from her father’s influence as a singer. Her talent was recognized very early by producers Clement Coxsone Dodd and Byron Lee, â€Å"who were said to be competing for her father’s signature on a recording contract even before she was ten. Coxsone won the compitition and his legendary Studio One and its downbeat rhythms became her musical college.† (Tafari, pg. 1) Marcia reached the big stage for the first time at the Carib Theater in Cross Roads, Kingston at the age of twelve. At the age of sixteen she achieved her first Jamaican # 1 with the Rock Steady hit â€Å"Feel Like Jumping.† After that, she opened shows in Jamaica for Carla Thomas, Betty Wright and Ben E. King among others. Since those vintage days, music has been her life and she has risen to the top of Rock Steady and Reggae Charts in Jamaica. While growing up she listened to and admired singers like Aretha Franklin, Carla Thomas and Deon Warkick. There were not many female artists in Jamaica, but one that she admired was the late â€Å"Hortense Ellis† who was a local singer. At a young age Marcia established a name for herself before teaming up with Rita Marley and Judy Mowatt. Over the years Marcia has built up a long list of solo hits, but the re-make by Marcia and Bob Andy of the Nina Simone hit â€Å"Young, Gifted and Black† in the 1970’s put her into a household name throughout the Caribbean and Europe. (Tafari, pg. 2) The record’s popularity rose the charts in the UK and soon became popular across Europe.

Communication Principles Essay -- Communication

Effective Communication is essential to the success of all businesses however, due to the ever-changing nature of workplaces today effective communication is becoming increasingly difficult and hinged by many barriers, which cause the senders intended meaning to be misconstrued by the receiver. Although Communication within Organisations will never be completely barrier free, many facile solutions can be implemented to facilitate the effects these barriers have. With Respect to this particular case study two key communication principles were evident, the chosen Communications Channel and Noise. Communications Channel is â€Å"a medium through which a message is passed in the process of communication. Communications channels include the spoken, written, and printed word, and electronic or computer-based media such as radio and television, telephones, videoconferencing, and electronic mail. The most effective channel for a specific message depends on the nature of the message and the audience to be reached, as well as the context in which the message is to be transmitted† (Bloomsbury Business Library, 2007, p. 1703). Noise is simply â€Å"anything that interferes with communication effectiveness† (Campling, et al. 2008, p. 477). Choosing an appropriate communication channel for your intended message is a critical part of effective communication. If you choose the wrong channel for the message you are trying to convey not only will it impede communication but is also likely to cause mistrust particularly about sincerity and commitment. The effectiveness of communication channels is evaluated based on richness and opportunity for feedback. Richness refers to the depth of the message. In this case, James has chosen to email his team m... ...ge of noise. James has made mistakes but solutions to eliminate barriers of communication are easily implemented and should be followed to therefore eliminate further disruptions to business. More Importantly, organisations need to develop a communications policy and provide training for staff to help decrease the chance of ineffective communication within the organisation. Works Cited Bloomsbury Business Library. (2007). Business and management dictionary. London: A & C Publishers Ltd Ang, E., Campling, J., Chan, B., Poole, D., Schermerhorn Jnr, J., Tan, W., et al. (2008). Management 3rd Asia-Pacific edition. QLD, Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Forsyth, P. (2009). Effective Business Writing. London: Kogan Page Ltd Bloomsbury Business Library. (2004). Writing great emails. Email etiquette. (pp. 23-35). London: A & C Publishers Ltd.

Gangsta’s Paradise

Will Jellicorse Samantha Holt English 101 1 October 2011 The Definition of Paradise One person's utopian world may not always be the same as their neighbor’s. What one person may deem a paradise may well be a slum for others. Depending on the time and location of the speaker, their ideal lifestyle may be a reality, or simply a dream of one. Both Stevie Wonder, and Coolio musically interpret their societies’ idea of paradise. Both Coolio’s and Wonder’s songs gloomily display their views on society. Through the difference in context of each writer’s life, these two interpretations of the same song are very different in meaning.Both songs identify the struggle of life as being directly related to the evils of the world such as money and power. Stevie Wonder's â€Å"Pastime Paradise† reflects on the racial inequalities that America has struggled with for decades. The song also describes the hope for a future world free from discrimination. Coolio 's â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† represents the hard lived lives of gangsters in inner cities. The song also alludes to their dream of one day living in peace. Wonder’s â€Å"Pastime Paradise† reflection on discrimination between races was greatly altered by Coolio’s â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise. Coolio’s description of struggles between gangs was still similar in theme, but very different in meaning. Stevie Wonder was born on May 13, 1950 in Saginaw, Michigan (Marquis Who's Who LLC. ). The blind Stevie Wonder has been known by America as an R&B icon since his early 1963 release of â€Å"12 Year Old Genius†. Since his start in the music industry, Wonder has won 25 Grammy Awards (Africa News), was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 (Puterbaugh), and has been recently awarded the Library of Congress' Gershwin Prize for Popular Song by President Obama (Africa News).Throughout his career, Wonder has created many songs in which he addresses certain subjects in order to bring change. Wonder once said â€Å"I am not a politician. I am an artist. I do express certain feelings about certain things. Even if I give a song that deals with a negative subject, it's only constructive criticism to encourage our minds to look and go in a positive direction† (Trescott). When Wonder released his 1976 hit song â€Å"Pastime Paradise†, America had only been integrated for 22 years. In America during 1976, most blacks were not treated equally.Wonder’s lifetime experiences with race relations directly influenced his word choice in â€Å"Pastime Paradise†. In his music, Wonder usually plays songs with his signature style of being weirdly mellow, and forcibly upbeat (Mazmanian). But in â€Å"Pastime Paradise†, Wonder strongly reveals his concerns with how African Americans are treated. He does this by giving the song a gloomy, depressing style. Wonder best demonstrates his concerns wi th racial inequality by using powerful words such as â€Å"segregation†, â€Å"race relations†, â€Å"mutations†, and â€Å"miscreation†.When Wonder references those â€Å"living in a pastime paradise†, he is possibly alluding to how Americans are so fixated with the past. Another interpretation of Wonder’s song is that he is alluding to African Americans wanting to be back in Africa with their ancestors. Many African Americans have been trying to earn equality ever since slavery was abolished. Wonder is no exception to this. Through a combination of protest, song, and support of fellow blacks, Wonder demonstrates his support for equality in America.It is apparent in the second half of the song that Wonder dreams of the integration of man. In the second half of the song, Wonder describes a future paradise in which there is no such thing as inequality between different races. He uses words such as â€Å"consolation†, â€Å"integration †, and â€Å"confirmation† to paint a picture of a world in which all people can live together in unity. Through his credibility of being a pop icon, Wonder hoped that people would hear his song and want to end any racial inequalities still present in America.Wonder may not just be one of the biggest R&B musicians ever, but he is also very politically conscientious. Wonder even went as far as being an activist against oppression when he was arrested along with a group of anti-apartheid demonstrators outside of the South African Embassy (AP). Whether directly or indirectly stated, Wonder tends to place his political views in his lyrics. In â€Å"Pastime Paradise†, Wonder expresses his support of African American rights through the line â€Å"Proclamation of Race Relations†.Wonder strongly supports the idea of a peaceful, unified America. Wonder supported Martin Luther King's beliefs of an integrated world so much that he helped persuade President Reagan to make Martin Luther King's birthday a national holiday (Egan). Although most of Wonder’s words are inspiring, some of his lyrics were not always politically supportive. In some cases, Wonder criticized the political leaders of America. President Nixon was a particular American leader that Wonder did not trust. Wonder released two songs in which he bashed Nixon's credibility.Wonder's 1973 â€Å"He's Misstra Know-It-All†, and his 1974 â€Å"You Haven't Done Nothin† both presented Wonder's ill faith in the American government. Wonder uses music to make others aware of problems in American society and to evoke a change in society; similarly, rap artist Coolio uses the lyrics in his 1995 hit song â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† to make his audience aware of problems in his community. Through his remix of Wonder’s original, Coolio uses the inspiration from the struggles that Wonder faced to correlate his own personal struggles with gang life.Artis Leon I vey Jr. , also known as Coolio was born on August 1, 1963 in the South Central Las Angeles area of Compton (Jinman). Tommy Boy Records Label Company released this song as a single for the soundtrack for the movie â€Å"Dangerous Minds† (Reece). The song â€Å"Gangsta's Paradise† was insanely popular with the public. It's depiction of life in the inner city could have been relatable to most lower class people around the United States, and was adopted by some of the richer white teenagers living in the suburbs.With his release of â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise†, Coolio portrays himself as a â€Å"Gang-Banger†. Coolio’s remix was likely so popular due to his hard, thuggish appearance. If he had seemed emotionally soft, or sympathetic then his audience may not have been so inclined to believe his credibility as a gangster. Although throughout his career, Coolio has not always been portrayed as a gangster. Coolio has also appeared on the Nickelodeonâ⠂¬â„¢s â€Å"All That† as a musical guest. When he appeared on the opening credits of the show, he did not appear gangster.When he appeared on â€Å"All That,† Coolio most likely altered his attitude in order to better suit the expectations of the younger audience. While Coolio appeared as a gangster in â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise†, he also demonstrated how he could alter his persona in his appearance on â€Å"All That†. When â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† was released, the racial gang violence demonstrated in rap music was attractive to a few particular audiences. Many younger Americans during the 90’s began to embrace rap music. Many poorer minorities living in the inner cities related to Coolio's portrayal of gang life.The fact that Coolio served seven months of jail time for committing larceny at the age of seventeen (Hatt, and Schnaufer), and that he had gotten addicted to crack cocaine before the age or twenty (Fulton) supports h is credibility of being a gangster. Coolio at a young age joined a Compton based gang called the Baby Crips (Fulton). Coolio possibly used lyrics such as â€Å"being down with the hood team† in order to express how important it was for him to become affiliated with a gang. Many richer, white Americans also adopted the context of Coolio’s gang life.Much like the hippie revolution of the 60's, many white American youths wanted to associate with a culture that was different from their own. This combined fan base of many richer white, and poorer minority youths gave Coolio tons of publicity. His success at being a rap artist was largely contributed to this integrated fan base. â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† not only won a Grammy award for best solo rap performance of the year (McElroy), but was parodied by Weird Al Yankovic, sold over 2 million copies, and stayed on the Hot Rap Singles Chart at number 1 for 10 weeks (Reece). Gangsta’s Paradise† depict s the life of a gangster and its two possible outcomes, either death or prison. In his song, Coolio describes himself as an â€Å"educated fool. † Being an â€Å"educated fool† means that he understands the consequences of living life as a gangster, but does it anyway. With this description, he acknowledges his actions as â€Å"foolish. † This knowledge of what happens to gangsters is why Coolio constantly alludes to death in the lyrics of â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise†. At the end of the song, he states, â€Å"the ones we hurt, are you and me†.In these lines, Coolio expresses his idea that gang members not only hurt others, but also hurt themselves. By using such emotional lyrics, Coolio suggests that gang members must alter their lifestyle in order to have a better tomorrow. Stevie Wonder's â€Å"Pastime Paradise† and Coolio's â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† are both depressing representations of how America defines a paradise. B oth songs are completely different due to their difference in context. Through Coolio’s life experiences with gang affiliation, he drastically changed the meaning of his remixed version of Wonder’s original. Pastime Paradise† reflects on the evils of the world being due to prejudice, people living in the past, and how equality among race can make a better future. While â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† states how gang violence should end. It also emphasizes that there are certain factors that cause people to join gangs. Coolio demonstrates how racism and poverty within the community both contribute to people becoming gang affiliated. Both Coolio’s and Wonder’s songs emotionally portray how America has fought for peace and equality throughout the decades.Coolio and Wonder preformed together in 1996 at the Billboard Music Awards, where they used lines from both â€Å"Pastime Paradise† and â€Å"Gangsta’s Paradise† (Wonder). Wonder and Coolio showed that when they played the two versions together, their songs’ emotional appeal to the audience was greatly enhanced. Number of Words: 1663 Works Cited: Crawford, Selwyn. â€Å"Arrests weaken infamous gang, police say. † Dallas Morning News 21 11 2010. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 10 Oct 2011. Egan, Barry. â€Å"Little Stevie's Life in The Key of Wonder. † Sunday Independent (Ireland) 30 05 2010. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 5 Oct 2011.Fulton, Rick. â€Å"I'LL TEE U WHEN I GET THERE! ; It's a fairway to heaven for Coolio; Singer Coolio wants to play Scotland – but on our golf courses, not in our stadiums. † Daily Record 26 09 1997. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 10 Oct 2011. â€Å"Ghana; Obamas Honour Stevie Wonder At White House. † Africa News 27 02 2009. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 5 Oct 2011. Hatt, Doug, and Jeff Schnaufer. â€Å"Gangsta In Paradise. † People 45. 4 01 29 1996. n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct 2011 . Huey, Steve. â€Å"Person: Wonder, Stevie 1950-. † All Music Guide n. pag. Music Online: African American Music Reference. Web. Oct 2011. Jinman, Richard. â€Å"RAPPER SHOOTS STRAIGHT FROM THE HIP. † THE AUSTRALIAN 07 05 1996. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 5 Oct 2011. Jones, Tony. â€Å"Putting down roots (again); A new CD and a free gig. Tony Jones on Stevie Wonder. † Independent (London) 27 02 2009. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 5 Oct 2011. Marquis Who's Who LLC. , . â€Å"Stevie Wonder. † Stevie Wonder also known as Steveland Hardaway Judkins 26 08 2011. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 3 Oct 2011. Mazmanian, Adam. â€Å"A pop Wonder stirs listeners. † THE WASHINGTON TIMES 25 02 2009. n. pag. LexisNexis. Web. 4 Nov 2011. McElroy, Steven. † Coolio Is Arrested.. New York Times 03 09 2009. n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct 2011. Puterbaugh, P. â€Å"Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. † Rolling Stone. 09 02 89: n. page. Web. 5 Oct. 2011. Reece, Dougla s. â€Å"Tommy Bo'ys Coolio finds `Paradise'. † Billboard 107. 49 12 995. n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct 2011. Williams, Chris. â€Å"Stevie Wonder’s Songs In the Key Of Life revisited on its 35th anniversary | Return To The Classics. † Soul Culture. Soul Culture Media LTD, 28 09 2011. Web. 3 Oct 2011. Wonder, Stevie. â€Å"Stevie Wonder Biography Chapter 21. † Stevie Wonder. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Oct 2011.

School Behaviour Policies For Children Education Essay

Student behavior has ever been a cardinal issue in any school. Students go to school chiefly to interact with other students in an environment that is good suited for survey and drama. However true, pupils seem to be more motivated in the resort area than in the schoolroom. Behaviour suffers really frequently when these pupils are non every bit motivated as the others. Classify behaviour becomes debatable at the really worst as childs direct their attending off from the existent academic demands of being in school. Teachers and staff of schools are dead set in work outing such issue widening their control of pupil behavior to highs that may non be good to the pupils, every bit good as the school. Disciplinary actions, punitive in every sense, are the most likely to be used to rectify pupil misbehavior. Sir Alan Steer ( 2009 ) in his study found that in the UK, in its schools, there is no demand or want to give schools and its staff wider powers but there is a demand for a â€Å" airing scheme † to be cognizant and to understand the bing powers in school. In his 2005 study, he proposed wider options of legitimate wagess and countenances must be at manus, all of which decently, reasonably and systematically applied by all concerned staff. Lapp has been suggested four old ages subsequently ( Steer, 2009 ) . Findingss have been singular in his 2009 study. He reiterated that â€Å" clear regulations and the consistent application of wagess and countenances † are critical. He rejects â €Å" punitory solution † to bad behavior. Tough love is acceptable but punitory methods are immoral and socially destructive. Several suggestions have been earmarked so as to implement the relevancy of the findings. Steer ( 2009 ) studies: A wages system that is effectual and tied to public presentation in the schoolroom ensures pupil battle and better behavior. Good behavior demands to be learned. It is really imperative to learn childs to act good â€Å" so schools must follow processs and patterns † that will assist pupils on how to act. All staff must be good function theoretical accounts of good behavior. Schools do hold policies that reward good behavior and good work every bit good. Sanctions are in topographic point to streamline the demand for better behavior but what is left out is how to make and implement appropriate wages systems. Simple countenances proved to be more effectual than excepting the kid from category. Statistical informations on behavior betterment must be at manus to hint alterations and complement hereafter actions. Praise can be used to actuate pupils and promote better behavior. Using student tracking system to recognize positive and negative behavior is besides efficient. Motivation and Incentives Motivation has been long considered as a really of import factor in learning. It is the precursor for successful comprehension of the pupils. Geting inducements from good work after a motivative treatment is extremely recommended. Student motive is the involvement of pupils in larning or making academic work ; inducements are methods used to actuate pupils in larning academic stuffs ( Slavin, 1984 ) . Cardinal to this researchaa‚ ¬a„?s aim is to utilize the motivational effects of wagess or inducements in learning. It is long known that motive plays a cardinal function in pupil accomplishment. So, specific in this analysis is the function of motive in behavioral alterations of a pupil in a schoolroom scene. Self-worth and Self-Efficacy In educational psychological science, it is standard runing process to analyze the intrapersonal behavior of a scholar. His or her perceptual experiences of the ego must be taken into consideration in order to happen the appropriate solutions to behavioural jobs. Dignity is linked to the self-concept of ability in any school scene ( Ames, 1990 ) . It is how a pupil considers his ain capacities with regard to othersaa‚ ¬a„? . Self-efficacy is outlook or belief that one can perchance transport out a undertaking. It is task-specific or state of affairs particular. Often, self-efficacy serves as a barometer on a kid ‘s willingness to larn, his set of options in larning and existent public presentation ( Ames, 1990 ) . However, age play a function in how pupils understand ability. Younger childs are more positive or optimistic. They have high outlooks are resilient after a failure. They tend to presume attempt and ability as the same. Older childs are more negative in measuring themselves. Effort for them gives them higher opportunities to win but ability is a set of bounds. Trying difficult and neglecting are really menaces to their self-concept of ability ( Ames, 1990 ) . Students determine self-worth and self-efficacy in relation to their environment. To act ill means self-worth and self-efficacy are dampened by the rigidnesss in the schoolrooms puting. Otherwise, the students are able to get by with its demands. It is here where motive plays its function. Giving wagess or inducements is one motivational tool. To maintain on relaying good behavior and its corresponding benefits, a repeat of good behavior is expected to happen. This is what we call operant conditioning or response support behaviorism. It is the gratifying of a â€Å" partial or random † behavior that which finally leads to the â€Å" desired behavior † ( PBS, 1998 ; Phillips & A ; Soltis, 2004 ) . This molds future behavior. If a wages succeeds a â€Å" response to a stimulation † , so that response is likely to be repeated. Complecting the constructs discussed, this paper plots motive and the self-concept of pupils in the schoolroom through the usage of a reward/incentive system. Changes from their behavior, chiefly their self-worth and self-efficacy will be carefully studied. Methods Based on the premiss above that wagess play a function in actuating pupil behavior, this research is suggesting the efficaciousness of a wages system ( that is reenforcing ) in different schoolroom scene and pupil age groups. With the constructs of operant conditioning, this survey is specifically poised to find how studentaa‚ ¬a„?s self-worth and self-efficacy significantly alterations ( or non ) when treated with wagess or inducements. The Steeraa‚ ¬a„?s studies confirm the value of using such systematically. The research will be utilizing questionnaires and interviews as the primary manner of informations aggregation ( Anderson, 1998 ) . The questionnaires will both aim instructors and pupils as its respondents. Data analysis will be chiefly descriptive and correlational ( Runyon et al, 2000 ; Kirk, 2007 ) . Descriptive informations from socio-demographics will supply the initial analysis. Correlation analysis on pupil and instructor information from the questionnaires will follow thenceforth. The chief part of this analysis lies on the important alterations of pupil self-concept as alterations in the wages systems are put into topographic point. An analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) will make a series of important trials on alterations of perceptual experience by the pupils, i.e. self-worth and self-efficacy ( as dependant variables ) before and after a wages system is placed ( Kirk, 2007 ) . Besides, the age-groups and schoolroom scene will be used as independent variables treated against alterations in self-worth and self-efficacy.